Sullivan, Dennis · Sullivan, Dennis

332 KB

This working paper, originally composed in April 2009 as a course paper in international relations ethics at Boston University, is deposited as a documented precursor to the theoretical framework developed in Sullivan (2026a) [SSRN 6477741]. The paper advances three theoretical contributions subsequently operationalized empirically: (1) jus interpano as a distinct ethical-legal standard for humanitarian intervention elevated above conventional jus ad bellum requirements; (2) a structural analysis of the UN's legitimacy deficit using Hamilton's Federalist No. 15 to demonstrate that the UN lacks the troops, treasury, and executive authority required for genuine governance capable of enforcing R2P; and (3) a sovereignty-as-investment framework extending Krasner (1999) — asserting that sovereignty originates with individuals rather than states, is invested upward through successive governance levels with the expectation of returns, and that governments function as investment vehicles for a mutual fund of sovereignty accountable to their constituent individuals. This individual-centric reconception partially resolves R2P's legitimacy problem and anticipates the empirical argument of Sullivan (2026a) that the postwar normative architecture derives its conflict-suppression capacity from precisely these sovereignty-pooling mechanisms. Submitted to the Journal of Human Rights Special Issue on Humanitarianism and Responsibility, August 2011. Declined October 2011. The author was deployed to Afghanistan when the rejection arrived. Deposited June 2026, seventeen years after composition, as the intellectual genealogy of the sovereignty-as-investment framework is now empirically grounded in Sullivan (2026a).

Amuchie, Max Nwabueze · Amuchie, Max

1.3 MB

The Trinity of State Decay (TSD) makes a specific theoretical claim: state decay in the Global South is not an institutional malfunction but a sovereignty event — the structural decoupling of juridical statehood from empirical authority into two rival orders. This claim departs from failed state theory, hybrid governance theory, and conventional fragility frameworks, all of which operate at the national aggregate and cannot account for the coexistence of functional and decoupled sovereignty within the same juridical unit. The TSD holds that this decoupling produces an Institutional Mirage, which performs authority without possessing it, and a Shadow Order, which governs without formal legitimacy, sustained between them by the Money-Land-Mind dynamic — the mechanism through which financial, territorial, and normative authority are progressively displaced from the formal state to rival structures. The unit of analysis is the zone rather than the state: decoupling is always partial before it is total, always zonal before it is national. Recovery is possible but strictly sequential: protection must precede compliance, compliance must precede territorial credibility, and territorial credibility must precede institutional function. Any inversion produces relapse. Drawing on a theoretical genealogy spanning African political thought, postcolonial theory, classical political theory, comparative politics, political economy, institutional economics, and the hybrid governance literature, the TSD offers a generalisable framework for analysing sovereign fragmentation across the Global South. The framework's empirical operationalisation — including quantitative measurement of decoupling depth and recovery sequencing — is developed in the companion Decoupling Sovereignty Index (DSI), Part 2 of this special working paper series.

Gow, David

65 KB

Raw MEG/EEG data, defaced T1-weighted structural MRIs, behavioral data, processing/support vector machine (SVM) code

United States Environmental Protection Agency

96 KB

This submission includes publicly available data extracted in its original form. Please reference the Related Publication listed here for source and citation information If you have questions about the underlying data stored here, please contact the EPA at https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/forms/contact-us-about-outdoor-air-quality-data. If you have questions or recommendations related to this metadata entry and extracted data, please contact the CAFE Data Management team at: climatecafe@bu.edu. The AirData Air Quality Monitors app is a mapping application available on the web and on mobile devices that displays monitor locations and monitor-specific information. It also allows the querying and downloading of data daily and annual summary data. Map layers include: Monitors for all criteria pollutants (CO, Pb, NO2, Ozone, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2) PM2.5 Chemical Speciation Network monitors IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments) monitors NATTS (National Air Toxics Trends Stations) NCORE (Multipollutant Monitoring Network) PAMS (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations) Near road monitors Nonattainment areas for all criteria pollutants Tribal areas Federal Class I areas (national parks and wilderness areas)” Data included are point location layers and supporting documentation used in the EPA Interactive Map of Air Quality Monitors available at https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/interactive-map-air-quality-monitors and https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=5f239fd3e72f424f98ef3d5def547eb5&extent=-146.2334,13.1913,-46.3896,56.5319. Point location layers were downloaded from the ESRI map services website and saved as Geopackages. CSV lists of individual air quality sites and monitors are included as well. The user interface of the interactive map is documented in PDF format. The individual ESRI map services websites for each map layer which provide some metadata information are documented in PDF format. The point location layers all include the fields “Annual Data Download (Links)” and “Daily Data Download (Links)” with html links listed. The data sourced from these links has previously been archived on the Dataverse website. [Quote from: https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/interactive-map-air-quality-monitors] on 2026-03-27.

R S, Magizhan

192 KB

This paper documents an unconventional journey into the behavior of divergent series. Instead of viewing infinity ($\infty$) as a distant, unreachable limit, we treat it as a tangible, discrete variable within standard algebraic progression formulas. By comparing these common equations with Srinivasa Ramanujan’s well-known regularized results for linear and cubic series, we uncover a striking anomaly: a recurring correction factor of $\Delta \approx -0.0290103234$. This constant suggests a hidden geometric pattern within divergent limits. We ultimately provide a proof by contradiction, showing that treating $\infty$ as a discrete counting number leads to negative irrational roots, which violates the principle that sequence indexes must belong to the Natural Numbers ($\mathbb{N}$). This result was derived by myself during Class 8. Copyright (c) 2026 Magizhan R S

Buzas, Zoltan · Bassan-Nygate, Lotem

153 KB

Can Human Rights Organizations (HROs) shame governments without fueling racism against diasporas or appearing racist? To what extent can shamed governments recover public support lost to shaming by accusing their critics of racism? Employing two US survey experiments involving 6,739 respondents and eleven prominent HRO interviews, we offer three novel findings. First, shaming decreased support for shamed countries (Israel and China) but did not fuel racism (antisemitism and anti-Asianism). If shamers face a racial dilemma, it is less about how to shame without fueling racism, and more about how to shame without appearing racist. Our second finding points toward a solution: when shaming included an anti-racist cue denouncing racism, respondents perceived it as less racist. Finally, shamed governments can employ racial countershaming to recover some, but not all, of the public support lost to shaming. We contribute to the International Relations shaming literature and offer recommendations about racially responsible shaming.

Voicu, Bogdan · Voicu, Bogdan · Rotariu, Traian · et al.

3.9 MB

Database from the project [Study on the need for information of the immigrated Romanian citizens] Check related publication for details.

Subroto, Athor

3.3 MB

This dataset comprises articles to support the review process only. Collected mostly from open-access journals from the Scopus database.

Master, Daniel M. · Stager, Lawrence E.

6.7 MB

Dataset contains photographs from 2011 excavation.

Master, Daniel M. · Stager, Lawrence E.

6.3 MB

Dataset contains photographs from 2009 excavation.

Stewart, William · Stewart, William

3.8 MB

Two audio samples are compared, one of human speech, one of AI generated speech, speaking the exact same words, for comparison of their differing intonation and emotional content. A short video presents the two audio samples together for convenience of comparison, first providing each sample separately, and then with a phrase by phrase comparison between the two. Use of good headphones or speakers on sufficient volume is recommended to discern the subtle differences in intonation and emotional content between the human and AI samples. The two audio samples are also provided separately in WAV format for universal accessibility. An associated research paper "Continuous human meaning cannot be represented by discrete AI" provides a deep analysis of the difference between the human and AI generated samples, with wide implication for the field of AI in general.

Nogueira, Flavio Geraldo

117 KB

This dataset contains the supplementary materials, structured data extraction matrices, and figures from a Structured Literature Review (SLR) designed to systematically synthesize the global literature on Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), International RECs (I-RECs), Guarantees of Origin (GOs), and related energy attribute certificates. Following the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines, the study addresses five core research questions exploring the impact of these certificates on renewable energy investments, storage technologies, regulatory designs, demand-side motivations, and business models. The literature search was systematically conducted across Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and SSRN, focusing on peer-reviewed articles and working papers published from 2020 onward to capture recent structural institutional transformations (such as China's consumption guarantee mechanisms and Brazil's REC-Brazil certificates)

Tsai, Wen-Hsuan · Kuo, Ching-Yuan · Kuo, Ching-Yuan · et al.

100 KB

The Xi Jinping Emotion Analysis Database is used to analyze cases where the Chinese leader meets with foreign leaders. This database includes 1,325 cases of Xi Jinping meeting with foreign leaders from 2013 to 2024. Each entry represents one meeting event, which helps users study head-of-state diplomacy and emotional diplomacy during the Xi Jinping era. The biggest highlight of this database is the creation of emotion indicators. We use FACS (Facial Action Coding System) to identify Xi Jinping's emotions. By turning abstract emotions into quantifiable indicators, we operationalize emotional diplomacy, creating a breakthrough in research. This database not only shows Xi Jinping's emotional state during meetings but also allows users to observe the power dynamics of Chinese diplomacy through other information, such as the accompanying personnel.

Rajasingham, Radha · Rajasingham, Radha

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Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis causes an estimated 19% of AIDS-related deaths globally and is the leading cause of meningitis in adults with HIV. Subclinical infection with cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) is detectable in plasma, and CrAg titer of >=1:160 is predictive of meningitis or death. We evaluated if plasma CrAg titer changed over time in Uganda with the expansion of national CrAg screening programs and antiretroviral (ART) access. Methods: We prospectively screened adults with advanced HIV disease (CD4<200 cells/microl) (CD4 for CrAg from 2017 through 2022 using the lateral flow assay and assessed median plasma CrAg titer. Results: From November 2017 to May 2022, 436 adults with advanced HIV disease had a positive plasma CrAg test. The median CD4+ cell count was 45 [IQR: 21,94] cells/µL, and median plasma CrAg titer was 1:80 [IQR: 10,1280]. Analysis of median quarterly CrAg titer from 2017-2022 demonstrated a non-statistically significant positive trend in CrAg titer (tau=0.385, p=0.086). There was a statistically significant decline in the percentage of participants taking ART at the time of screening (p<0.001), with 58% reporting never having taken ART in 2022. Conclusions: Despite expansion of CrAg screening and ART, median annual CrAg titers have not decreased between 2017 and 2022 in Uganda. Contrary to national reporting of expanded access to ART, our study population had higher rates of ART-naïve status over time, suggesting ongoing late presentation to care for people with advanced HIV disease. In addition, the presence of ART-experienced patients in our study population suggests challenges with treatment adherence and retention. Cryptococcosis persists, and despite public health efforts, people are not presenting to care earlier in their disease course. Continued refinement of CrAg screening programs is needed to reduce AIDS-related deaths.

Athaiya, Shaswati

5.6 MB

This dataset contains raw files from a project assessing applicability of CD90, CD105 and CD73 as signature markers for cultured murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell as well as their utility for in situ identification of breast tumor recruited mesenchymal stem cells. The project proposes podoplanin as an effective marker for both in vitro and in vivo characterization of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. We are also exploring potential function of podoplanin expression on these cells once recruited to breast tumors.

Kibirov, Kamilla

137 KB

This dataset is the basis for a Master's thesis examining European Parliament discourse on Uyghur human rights violations between 2021 and 2025. It contains two components. 1) A spreadsheet of 179 EP documents retrieved from the EP Public Register of Documents via keyword searches for 'Uyghur' and 'Xinjiang,' filtered to collective outputs including resolutions, joint motions for resolutions, reports, and plenary debate transcripts. The sheet displays deduplicated results, omitting results that return for both keyword searches. 2) The four resolutions selected for primary analysis that directly address Uyghurs and/or Xinjiang.

Mei,Dongzhou · Cao,Qingzheng

863 KB

The code in this replication package constructs the analysis file using Matlab. The files in the main folder - the Analysis Data & Programs - run all of the code to generate the data for the 16 figures and 1 table in the paper.

MENG, WEI

102 KB

This dataset provides the public-source corpus, coding files, reliability materials, source-grading tables, robustness checks, and reproducible scripts for a reliability-sensitive socio-technical systems analysis of Golden Apple’s Russian digital financial asset issuance. The full corpus contains 63 public-source documents. The A/B-only factual corpus contains 34 high-grade sources, consisting of 20 A-grade and 14 B-grade sources; C-grade sources are retained only for background, theoretical, regulatory, market-context, or methodological interpretation. D028 is treated as a C-grade background/contextual source and is excluded from the A/B-only factual corpus. The dataset supports transparent evidence auditing, document-level ordinal coding, three-coder reliability analysis, PA v4 / PA v5 construct-boundary recoding, and source-restriction robustness testing. It does not include customer-level transaction data, investor-account records, platform-access logs, benefit-redemption records, personal data, or non-public behavioral data.

Jones, Joseph

1.0 MB

shapefiles and their corresponding excel workbooks, it is a collection of shapefiles similar to https://github.com/erikalopresti/virginia-voting-precincts except for the 1990-2009 era