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Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) are critical for livelihoods and food security but are constrained by fragmented and inconsistent data systems. This study synthesizes findings from a regional scoping survey involving 26 institutions. Monitoring systems in the region strongly emphasize catch and effort data (89%) and gear/vessel characteristics (81%), but socio-economic indicators remain underrepresented (48%). Key barriers include inconsistent methodologies, limited technical capacity, and weak data governance frameworks. Despite these challenges, widespread adoption of digital tools, particularly KoboToolbox (89%), and strong stakeholder support for standardized frameworks (88%) provide a foundation for harmonization. A three-phase roadmap is proposed focusing on (i) standardized data frameworks, (ii) formalized data governance, and (iii) interoperable digital systems. Strengthening regional coordination through institutions such as the Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (SWIOFC) is essential for implementation. Harmonized data systems will enhance evidence-based decision-making, improve stock assessments, and support resilient fisheries management in the WIO.